Although welcoming a newborn baby into one’s life often comes with joy and celebration, a woman’s body and mind go through many changes during and after pregnancy. For some new mothers, the year following the birth of their child can bring about unexpected emotional challenges.
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mental health condition that affects approximately one in eight new mothers. PPD is characterized by a depressed mood, loss of interest, changes in sleep patterns, change in appetite, feelings of worthlessness, inability to concentrate, and lack of love or care for one’s baby in the twelve months after childbirth (National Center for Biotechnology Information). It is important to recognize the signs of postpartum depression in new mothers so they can receive help. It is equally crucial to continue researching what causes PPD and what treatments are most effective.
Defining Postpartum Depression
Postpartum depression is a type of depression that occurs following childbirth. The Office on Women’s Health clarifies that some women will experience sadness, worry, or exhaustion after giving birth – commonly referred to as the “baby blues” – but these feelings typically fade within a few days. Women whose symptoms of depression are more severe and last longer than two weeks might be diagnosed with PPD. According to the Mayo Clinic, a mother suffering from PPD will typically experience symptoms within the first few weeks of giving birth, which may include:
- Depressed mood or severe mood swings
- Difficulty bonding with one’s baby
- Withdrawing from family and friends
- Overwhelming tiredness or loss of energy
- Intense irritability and anger
- Hopelessness
- Feelings of worthlessness, shame, or inadequacy
- Reduced ability to think clearly or concentrate
- Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby
When these symptoms persist for longer than a few weeks, it’s crucial to seek help from a healthcare provider.
Causes of PPD
The exact causes of postpartum depression are not understood, which is why continued research and clinical studies are so important in improving treatment plans for new mothers. Although the specific reason hasn’t been pinpointed, several factors are thought to contribute:
- Hormonal Changes: Throughout pregnancy, levels of estrogen and progesterone are at their highest, and within the first 24 hours after childbirth, these hormones rapidly drop back to pre-pregnancy levels. It is believed that this sudden drop in hormone levels can trigger mood changes and even PPD.
- History of Depression: Women with a family history of depression, previous depressive episodes, or depression during pregnancy (sometimes called peripartum depression) are at a higher risk for PPD.
- Lack of Support: Those who have little to no support from their partner, family, or friends; have relationship struggles; are under the age of 20; or have experienced domestic violence are at an increased risk. Feelings of isolation and lack of support can contribute to depression.
- Lifestyle: Poor eating habits, reduced physical activity, lack of sleep, and a vitamin B6 deficiency can negatively affect mental health.
- Stressful Life Events: Unplanned pregnancy, financial or relational strain, traumatic birth, or other stressful life events can raise the risk of PPD in a new mother.
Treatment of Postpartum Depression
There are several resources to support women experiencing PPD, including:
- Medication: Antidepressants are sometimes prescribed to help manage PPD symptoms.
- Self-care: Prioritizing sleep, nutrition, and exercise can have a positive effect on a mother’s mental health.
- Support Groups: Connecting with other mothers going through similar experiences or leaning on family and friends can provide valuable support and empathy.
Although existing PPD treatments and self-care suggestions can be helpful, they are not uniformly effective for every woman, as each individual’s postpartum healing journey is unique.
Postpartum Depression Research at Aim Trials
At Aim Trials, we are committed to conducting high-quality clinical trials that contribute to the development of effective postpartum depression treatments and the broader understanding of women’s health. Recently, we hosted an open house event that highlighted our involvement in PPD research, featuring networking opportunities, a panel discussion, insightful remarks from community leaders, and a Q&A session. This event reinforced our dedication to advancing treatments for postpartum depression.
If you or someone you know is interested in contributing to advancing postpartum depression treatments and postpartum research, Aim Trials is currently enrolling in a study testing the safety and efficacy of postpartum treatments. As a multi-specialty site integrated within a private practice, Aim Trials has extensive experience conducting high-volume studies with a diverse group of patients.
To learn more about our studies, please complete the contact form on our site, or call (972) 325-1573 to see if you, a friend, or a family member may qualify for a clinical research study.